Need a response to a discussion post:

Instruction.,

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses and respond to your colleagues by suggesting additional patient factors that might have interfered with the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the patients they described. In addition, suggest how the personalized plan of care might change if the age of the patient were different and/or if the patient had a comorbid condition, such as renal failure, heart failure, or liver failure.

Discussion Post.,

A patient case from my clinical experience was a 67-year-old African-American male with several health conditions that are unfortunately common in his age group and ethnic background.  The patient has a wife, three children, and several grandchildren who visit and support him often.  This patient suffered from chronic hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and high cholesterol. The patient was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes three years prior and had been managing the condition using metformin to control his blood sugar levels. He has been dealing with hypertension since his 40s and has been inconsistent with his medication and modifiable lifestyle factors, such as diet, exercise, and stress management. High cholesterol or hyperlipidemia is another condition this patient suffers from and is also managed through Atorvastatin. 

African Americans are one of the ethnic groups more susceptible to conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease (Hill-Briggs et al., 2022). The above-mentioned patient suffers from 2 of these conditions and is at a high risk of developing heart disease due to his history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. This patient was prescribed 500 mg metformin BID PO AC. This drug works by reducing glucose production by the liver and improving the insulin sensitivity of cells. The patient was also prescribed 20mg of Lisinopril once daily to manage his hypertension. This drug is an ACE inhibitor, which blocks the activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme and leads to vasodilation or relaxation of the blood vessels and a decrease in blood pressure (Wang et al.2020). Lastly, the patient was prescribed 40mg daily of Atorvastatin, which aims to reduce the patient’s risk for developing cardiovascular disease by lowering LDL cholesterol and triglycerides while raising HDL cholesterol to a small degree. I would create a personalized plan of care for this patient by providing education on the importance of consistency and adherence to a medication prescription and the benefits of a healthy diet and exercise routine. I would involve the patient’s family in this plan and have them support the patient in his lifestyle change and improvement in quality of life. This social support, healthy lifestyle changes, and adherence to a medication protocol will help the patient decrease their risk for mortality due to his conditions (Lee et al.2020).